El análisis que presentamos pretende exponer las líneas generales de la concepción de la Filosofía que propone Bergson tomando el problema de la metodología como hilo conductor. Analizando y reconstruyendo el camino que ha recorrido a lo largo de sus ensayos hasta llegar a formular su propuesta metodológica para la ciencia y la filosofía podremos perfilar su concepción de la filosofía de la duración, de la ciencia y la relación que ambas pueden tener, es decir, podremos entender la tarea que (...) Bergson asigna a las diferentes formas de conocimiento para su desarrollo futuro. (shrink)

Palabras en memoria de Eduardo Bello pronunciadas en la sesión inaugural del V Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Académica de Filosofía, celebrado del 2 al 4 de febrero de 2011 en La Laguna (Tenerife).

In recent years, several countries have enacted guidelines and/or mandatory laws to increase the presence of women on the boards of companies. Through these regulatory interventions, the aim is to eradicate the social and labor grievances that women have traditionally experienced and which has relegated them to smaller-scale jobs. Nevertheless, and despite the advances achieved, the female representation in the boardroom remains far from the desired levels. In this context, it is now necessary to enhance the advantages of board gender (...) diversity from both ethical and economic points of view. This article examines the relation between board gender diversity and economic results in Spain: the second country in the world to legally require gender quotas in boardrooms and historically characterized by a minimal female participation in the workforce. Based on a sample of 125 non-financial firms listed on the Madrid Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2009, our findings show that in the period analyzed the increase of the number of women on boards was over 98 %. This suggests that compulsory legislation offers an efficient framework to execute the recommendation of Spanish codes of good governance by means of the increase in the number of women in the boards of firms. Furthermore, we find that the increase in the number of women on the boards is positively related to higher economic results. Therefore, both results suggest that gender diversity in boardrooms should be incremented, mandatory laws being a key factor to do so. (shrink)

Este artículo aborda la contextualización de la ética de Butler en un marco teórico que da por supuesta la perspectiva deconstructiva y que, por su parte, es reconstruido de acuerdo a dos criterios, las nociones de “matriz disciplinal” y de “paradigma”. Mediante ellas se trata de proporcionar un sistema de conceptos o categorías usuales en la teoría ética en general, pero redefinidas en términos butlerianos. Estas categorías a las que nos referimos son la acción, los sujetos, los juicios y los (...) criterios morales y, que, aplicadas a la ética de Butler, dan lugar a una ética precaria en la que la humanidad normativa se revela como imposible universalmente y, por tanto, no puede ser utilizada como “fundamento” de un juicio moral universal. Por ejemplo, la que se sugiere mediante las manifestaciones de duelo por la humanidad de “los nuestros”, víctimas de la violencia, de las que queda excluida estructuralmente la humanidad de “los otros”. (shrink)

The article offers an analysis of Kant’ s “Third Antinomy of Pure Reason” (in which he examines the possibility of reconciling Transcendental freedom with natural Determinism), in order to show the lack of grounds of the interpretation that claims that the critical resolution of the antinomy implies a shift with respect to the cosmological terms in which the conflict was initially stated. Through a detailed analysis of the sources, we will suggest that the conflict analyzed in the Third Antinomy is (...) not exclusively cosmological, but rather that it also –and to the same degree– constitutes a practical conflict, and, secondly, that the critical solution is not developed in exclusively practical terms, but that it also involves certain aspects directly linked to the cosmological question initially formulated. (shrink)

Draws from Latina feminism, existential phenomenology, and race theory to explore the concept of selfhood. This original study intertwining Latina feminism, existential phenomenology, and race theory offers a new philosophical approach to understanding selfhood and identity. Focusing on writings by Gloría Anzaldúa, María Lugones, and Linda Martín Alcoff, Mariana Ortega articulates a phenomenology that introduces a conception of selfhood as both multiple and singular. Her Latina feminist phenomenological approach can account for identities belonging simultaneously to different worlds, including immigrants, (...) exiles, and inhabitants of borderlands. Ortega’s project forges new directions not only in Latina feminist thinking on such issues as borders, mestizaje, marginality, resistance, and identity politics, but also connects this analysis to the existential phenomenology of Martin Heidegger and to such concepts as being-in-the-world, authenticity, and intersubjectivity. The pairing of the personal and the political in Ortega’s work is illustrative of the primacy of lived experience in the development of theoretical understandings of who we are. In addition to bringing to light central metaphysical issues regarding the temporality and continuity of the self, Ortega models a practice of philosophy that draws from work in other disciplines and that recognizes the important contributions of Latina feminists and other theorists of color to philosophical pursuits. Mariana Ortega is Professor of Philosophy at John Carroll University and coeditor (with Linda Martín Alcoff) of Constructing the Nation: A Race and Nationalism Reader, also published by SUNY Press. (shrink)

Arturo Roig inscribe el ejercicio del filosofar en la geografía de su función crítica. Crítica que es comprendida como una forma de pensamiento que se cuestiona a sí mismo y que considera no sólo los límites y posibilidades de la razón, sino también la realidad humana e histórica de un sujeto que se constituye en un "nosotros". La filosofía, así entendida, es un saber de vida. La función utópica se presenta como tarea para este saber de conjetura y para una (...) filosofía que sirve a la vida. Roig devuelve con ello el valor epistémico que tiene el plus lo axiológico, no verificable como hipótesis científica. Arturo Roig inscribes the exercise of philosophizing in the geography of its critical function. Critique that is understood as a form of thought that questions itself and considers not only the limits and possibilities of reason, but also the human and historical reality of a subject that becomes a "we". Philosophy, thus understood, is a knowledge of life. The utopian function arises as a task for this knowledge of conjecture that serves to life. Thus Roig gives back an axiological dimension as epistemic value to this knowledge. (shrink)

RESUMENEl trabajo aborda el problema antropológico y moral de la comprensión de la alteridad a partir de una lectura crítica de la obra de Levinas. Asimismo, esta lectura lleva a examinar, bajo la imagen del extranjero, las consecuencias morales y políticas de la institucionalización de la alteridad.PALABRAS CLAVEALTERIDAD-EXTRANJERIA-LEVINASABSTRACTThe paper approaches the anthropological and moral problem of alterity from a critical reading of Levinas' works. Furthemore, the reading points to examine, under the image of the foreigner, the moral and political consequences (...) of institutionalising alterityKEYWORDSOTHERNESS-FOREIGNESS-LEVINAS. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to show Augustine’s originality in ascribing a key role to will in the cognitive activity. For him, knowledge is influenced by both will and love, and cannot be grasped without will. Grounded primarily on De trinitate, the article focuses on three kinds of knowledge that shed light on his peculiar view on will: self-knowledge, knowledge of God, and the knowledge of bodies.L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que l’originalité d’Augustin est d’attribuer un rôle (...) clé à la volonté dans l’activité cognitive. Pour lui, la connaissance est influencée tant par la volonté que par l’amour et ne peut être appréhenéee sans volonté. Se basant principalement sur De trinitate, cet article se concentre sur trois genres de connaissance qui mettent en lumière sa conception particulière de la volonté : la connaissance de soi, la connaissance de Dieu et la connaissance des corps. (shrink)

En Poética 1449a, Aristóteles ofrece un breve relato sobre las causas que le dieron origen a la poesía. Pese a las limitaciones de su descripción, ésta ofrece, a mi juicio, elementos para determinar algunas de las condiciones que hicieron posible la emergencia de la tragedia y permitieron que llegue a su estado actual. En este trabajo propongo, por un lado, enfatizar las conexiones entre una visión naturalista y una visión histórica que dan cuenta del proceso genealógico y, por otro, recuperar (...) las consideraciones que permiten discernir la forma y la materia que contribuyeron a que la tragedia se convierta en lo que es. (shrink)

Abstract:Jessica Elkayam asks Mariana Ortega about the influence both Latina feminisms and Martin Heidegger have had on the development of Ortega's mestiza theory.

It's time that philosophers read Gloria Anzaldúa as a philosopher. Scholars have been hinting at it for some time, but in describing her they still tend to choose the terms “theorist,” “feminist,” and “thinker” instead of “philosopher.” Anzaldúa fits into all of these categories, but from her notes, we know that Anzaldúa also thought of herself as a philosopher. In 2002, for instance, she called herself a “feminist‐visionary‐spiritual‐activist‐poet‐philosopher fiction writer.” This essay argues that we should grant Anzaldúa's wish to be (...) considered a philosopher in addition to the other appellations, and focuses on works that she read and wrote in the first half of her scholarly career, including the publication of Borderlands/La Frontera in 1987. The evidence for the claim that Anzaldúa thought of herself as a philosopher is mostly archival, but some of it also appears in her published works. Once philosophers explicitly begin to recognize Anzaldúa as a philosopher, comparisons between her and other already recognized philosophers will become fuller and bear more fruit. (shrink)

Resumo O propósito deste trabalho consiste em analisar criticamente uma recente proposta formulada por Needham no âmbito da Filosofia da Química. Este autor toma como essencialmente apropriado o modelo clássico de redução Nageliano. O objetivo fundamental deste trabalho consiste em avaliar certas implicações ontológicas desta tese neorreducionista. Em particular, a autora argumentará que a tese da redução interteórica formulada por Needham apresenta certas limitações, que advêm de uma atenção insuficiente a problemas ontológicos fundamentais. Sendo que estes emergem de uma análise (...) cuidada a algumas alegadas relações redutoras entre teorias. Palavras-chave : modelo nageliano, redução entre teorias, redução ontológica, reducionismo eliminativista, referenciaThe purpose of this paper is to analyse Needham’s recent proposal in the field of philosophy of chemistry. According to this proposal, Nagelian model of reduction is essentially appropriate. The primary aim of this paper is to evaluate certain ontological implications of this neo-reductionist thesis. Specifically, I will argue that Needham’s thesis of intertheoretic reduction has some limitations: the proposal does not pay attention to some fundamental ontological problems that emerge from a watchful analysis of some allegedly reductive relations between theories. Keywords: eliminative reductionism, Nagelian model, ontological reduction, reduction among theories, reference. (shrink)

Au début de la deuxième partie du cours consacré à la notion de Nature au Collège de France pendant l?année universitaire 1956-1957 (« La science moderne et l?idée de Nature »), Merleau-Ponty établit de manière synthétique mais très claire toute la portée que garde à ses yeux la discussion autour de la notion de Nature . D?après notre auteur, il y aurait trois moments décisifs dans la construction historico-philosophique de cette notion. D?abord, une première conception, issue de « l?héritage aristotélicien (...) et stoï­cien » 1 , selon laquelle la Nature est une forme vers laquelle tendent téléo­logiquement les natures particulières. Ensuite survient un deuxième moment, « qui boule­verse l?idée de Nature » 2 , accompli par ceux que Merleau-Ponty appelle « les cartésiens » 3 . Cette vision générale culminerait avec Kant, après qui une troisième voie serait ouverte. Selon Merleau-Ponty, cette voie serait celle de Schelling, de Bergson et de Husserl 4 . Merleau-Ponty ne s?arrêtera point sur le premier grand moment de cette histoire, ni dans ce séminaire ni ailleurs. Il s?at­tachera, en revanche, très soigneusement à suivre l?évolution du con­cept de Nature tant dans la « tradition cartésienne » que dans le troisième moment qui lui est opposé. Le tournant des « cartésiens », dira Merleau-Ponty, est caractérisé par la radicalisation de la notion d? infini propre à la tradition. (shrink)

Este artículo plantea la insuficiencia de la consideración heideggeriana de la temporalidad ligada al ser para dar cuenta del fenómeno del tiempo. Sostiene, por ello, la necesidad de agregar a esa consideración los aportes de Levinas en su intento de pensar el tiempo desde el otro. La temporalidad diacrónica se presenta, aquí, por tanto, como necesaria para hacer justicia a lo humano en su constitución ontológico-ética, esto es, como subjetividad que se anuda entre el ser y el más allá del (...) ser. (shrink)

En el marco de la filosofía de Platón, el tratamiento de la nociónde mímesis se aborda desde perspectivas complementarias. En este artículome centraré en la organización y el contenido de los argumentos platónicosen contra de la mímesis, expuestos en los libros II, III y X de su República. Ental sentido, el objetivo es proponer una reorganización de dichos argumentosa la luz de dos ejes principales, el del lógos y la alétheia. Ello permite, a mientender, condensar la discusión y subrayar los (...) elementos ético-políticosque sustentan los diferentes cuestionamientos a la mímesis. Desde estalectura, se redefinen la función que el arte y la tragedia tienen en la pólis. (shrink)

The following essay examines visual representations of hurricane Katrina in popular media in order to show how photography continues to be enlisted in the production of the racial spectacle, the transformation of the plight of people of color into entertainment. The essay also analyzes how such a use of the visual serves to solidify the understanding of people of color by way of a black-white binary that does not do justice to current U.S. demographics. The essay provides a glimpse into (...) the intertwining between the visual and racial thinking. (shrink)